Part 2 | Eden Prairie Polyamorous Couple Accused of Defrauding Medicare and Medicaid of Over $15 Million for Neurofeedback Therapy—But What Is It?

Eden Prairie, MN — A Minnesota couple, known for their polyamorous lifestyle and lavish spending habits, is facing serious federal charges after allegedly defrauding Medicare and Medicaid out of more than $15 million. Their tool of choice? A little-known brain training technique called neurofeedback therapy.

Gabriel Adam Alexander Luthor and Elizabeth Christine Brown, both of Eden Prairie, allegedly used their company, Golden Victory Medical, to submit thousands of insurance claims for neurofeedback treatments that, according to authorities, either never happened or were grossly exaggerated.

But what exactly is neurofeedback—and how did it become the centerpiece of such a massive alleged fraud?

What Is Neurofeedback Therapy?

Neurofeedback therapy, also known as EEG biofeedback, is a type of brain training that uses sensors placed on the scalp to monitor brainwave activity in real-time. The goal? To help patients "train" their brains into healthier patterns through visual or auditory feedback.

For example, a patient might watch a video game that only plays correctly when their brainwaves fall within a desired range—rewarding focus or calmness. Over time, the brain learns to shift itself into those states more naturally.

It’s been promoted as a treatment for a wide range of conditions:

• ADHD and focus issues

• Anxiety, PTSD, and emotional regulation

• Depression

• Sleep disorders

• Even peak performance training for athletes and executives

But here’s the catch: while some early research is promising—particularly for ADHD and anxiety—the broader medical community still considers neurofeedback experimental. The FDA has not approved it for treatment of medical conditions, and many experts warn that the evidence is inconsistent or overhyped.

A Loophole for Fraud?

That scientific gray area may have been exactly what made neurofeedback attractive to fraudsters.

Authorities say Luthor and Brown used Golden Victory Medical to bill for hundreds of thousands of neurofeedback sessions, supposedly provided across multiple states. Brown alone was listed as the provider for more than 591,000 visits, averaging an impossible 450 patient sessions per day—including days when she was reportedly on vacation.

In total, the couple allegedly submitted more than $16 million in claims, receiving over $4 million in payouts from Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers.

Investigators believe the couple used neurofeedback’s lack of strict regulation as a cover—billing for a “therapy” that’s hard to verify, not widely understood, and doesn’t require high-tech equipment or standardized oversight.

Where Did the Money Go?

Rather than investing in legitimate medical infrastructure, prosecutors say the couple used the funds to support an extravagant lifestyle. According to court documents, they:

• Purchased a $2 million luxury home in Eden Prairie

• Bought high-end cars and electronics

• Spent tens of thousands at strip clubs

• Funneled money into shell companies and personal accounts

All while publicly branding themselves as wellness providers offering “high-quality, empathetic, personalized care.”

The Bigger Picture

This case is more than just a headline-grabbing scandal about luxury and deception. It also exposes a critical vulnerability in healthcare systems: when emerging therapies like neurofeedback lack oversight, they can be misused for massive financial gain.

As regulators and insurers scramble to keep up with alternative medical trends, this case serves as a stark reminder that pseudo-clinical language and vague treatments can become powerful tools for fraud in the wrong hands.

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What Comes Next?

Luthor and Brown have pleaded not guilty to multiple federal charges, including healthcare fraud and money laundering. If convicted, they face lengthy prison sentences and potential restitution for the stolen millions.

Meanwhile, the legitimacy of neurofeedback therapy continues to be debated in medical circles. Is it a promising tool for mental health—or a convenient cover for unethical practices? 

In this case, investigators believe the answer is clear.

Suggested Reading

District of Minnesota | Minnesota Couple Indicted in $15 Million Medical Billing Fraud Scheme | United States Department of Justice